The Idea of Building

Thought and action in the design and production of buildings

1. The typical detail

傳統典型的細部

● Construction method 施工方法

2. Building details in structure and form

結構及形式的建築細部

● A language of structure 結構語言

● The expression of structure 結構的表逹

○ 義大利之希臘廟

Greek Temple in Paestum, Italy.

Note the construction of the columns: the blocks are fluted, which camouflages their assembly sequence of one block placed upon another.

● Brunelleschi 布魯內勒斯基

布魯內勒斯基（Filippo Brunellesch，1377-1446） 義大利文藝復興時期的建築師，作品風格典雅寧靜與清晰，對於設計和建設的各方面具有革新的想法。他證明視覺遠景的數學基礎關係，並且專注於在數學和物質世界之間的關係，具有決定性的層面探討

他設定一套組成和建設的基本問題，實際上透過他的解決辦法而明確。布魯內勒斯基試圖探索在牆、柱、地下室和圓屋頂之間的關係。

○ Pazzi 禮拜堂，義大利佛羅倫斯

The Pazzi Chapel, Florence, Italy.

Note how the pilasters change size according to their placement in relation to the grid of the wall planes. Virtual structure

● Mies van der Rohe 密斯•凡德羅

○ 密斯建築作品的皮層與結構之間的關係

Matrix to show how the designs of Mies van der Robe can be analysed into a systematic exploration of various compositional conditions - the relation of main structure to enclosure, the explosure of the main structure, the bay shape, the height, etc. Only a sample selection of his building designs are included here.

○ 美國芝加哥河濱跑道大廈

860-880 Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, USA

apartment blocks designed by Mies van der Rohe. Hedrick-Blessing photograph, courtesy Chicago Historical Society.

○ 美國法恩斯沃思住宅

Farnsworth House, Illinois, USA

private house designed by Mies van der Rohe. Hedrick-Blessing photograph, courtesy Chicago Historical Society.

● The Sydney Opera House 雪梨歌劇院

○ 雪梨歌劇院內部與外部之細部設計

Sydney Opera House

Sydney Opera House, designed by Jorn Utzon with Ove Arup & Partners. The drawing shows the special temporary works used in assembling the precast, post-tensioned concrete structure. The steel lattice arch rotates on a large ball at its footings, creating a temporary support for the segments of the permanent structure to be built up to a stable arch form; when the concrete arch is stable, the steel arch rotates round and creates the support for the next concrete arch.

3. The buildings of Alvar Aalto

阿爾托的建築設計

● A functionalist's analysis of the economy 經濟性的機能主義者分析

● Urban design 都市設計

● Aalto's use of typologies 阿爾托使用的類型學

● Syntheses of tradition 傳統的綜合體

● The continuous experiment 連續不斷的實驗

● The site and the route 基地及路線途徑

○ 芬蘭的公民廣場，聯合企業的市政大樓

Town Centre, Seinajoki, Finland: 'citizen's square'

a complex of civic buildings designed by Alvar Aalto. Note that there is no attempt to design them according to one visual style. Photo: Studio Kalevi A . Makinein.

● The use of light, the control of flows 光線的使用及動線的控制

○ 阿爾托所畫的光線設計圖

Drawings by Alvar Aalto to demonstrate his principle of directed but shadowless light, as part of the design of the library in Viipuri, Finland (now Vyborg, formerly USSR). This focus of the design on the experience and work of the functioning person is central to Aalto's approach - a humane functionalism. In this instance, function is defined through the relationship of light to the act of reading. Photo courtesy of Museum of Finnish Architecture.

● The use of materials 材料的運用

● The natural order and the rational order 自然秩序及理性秩序

● The Aalto atelier 阿爾托的工作室

○ 阿爾托的工作室平面圖

The Aalto Atelier, Helsinki, Finland:architect's office for himself, designed by Alvar Aalto, on a suburban site. The site slopes down from the road and one enters at the lower level. There is a secondary entrance direct to Aalto's own work space. The stair to the upper level takes one to the main office and to Aalto's own work space (which looks down the garden through the curved wall). The garden is an amphitheatre, formed by the walls and by literalizing the natural contours of the ground.

● The precursor of today 今日的先驅

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