「文章摘要」

   ABSTRACT

The use of visual displays is seen as a supportive tool for solving design problems. Throughout the design process, and particularly in the early

 stages of the process, designers are exposed to vast collections of visual displays. These are external representations, i.e., pictures, diagrams, or

 sketches, which provide designers with helpful explicit and non-explicit references. Despite the importance of this pictorial material, only a

 small number of researchers have dealt with the spontaneous use of visual displays as an aid in design problem solving when no instruction to

 use analogy is given. Furthermore, no studies have been conducted to examine whether visual displays play a more significant role in solving

 ill-defined or well-defined design problems. The main goal of this work is to empirically research the use of visual displays in these two

 problem contexts by studying the design process of groups of designers with different levels of expertise. Findings showed that both experts

 and novices profited from the use of visual displays in ill-defined design problem solving, resulting in a significant enhancement of the quality

 of design solutions. Additional results showed that visual displays did aid experts, but not novices, to improve their performance in solving

 well-defined design problems. These findings may have consequences for design education. It is suggested that practicing with a large number

 of within-domain visual displays (which belong to the same or very close realm of the problem) and a large collection of between-domain

 visual sources (which belong to a different or remote realm of the problem) can help designers in general, and novices in particular, to

 spontaneously retrieve meaningful information and to enhance their design abilities.

視覺表現是一個提供解決設計問題的方法。透過這樣的設計過程，特別是在早期的設計階段，設計者容易接受到個種廣泛視覺

表現的影響。那包括了外在的圖像，例如網路，圖像，圖表，素描......等，不管明確或不明確的圖像都提供設計者參考利用。

儘管運用圖畫表示的是很重要的，只有一小部分的研究關於在沒有教育的指導原則下自然的視覺表現幫助設計問題的解決使用

類比推演的方式。此外沒有研究調查視覺表現是否在解決不明確定義問題與明確問題時扮演一個重要有意義的角色。這個研究

主要重點在使用視覺表現時重要的影響因子 : (1)設計過程  (2)不同領域階層的設計者。最後發現專家與初學者在解決不明確定

義的設計問題時一同受益於視覺表現的幫助，提升了設計品質。另一個結果顯示在解決明確定義設計問題時視覺表現只幫助了

專家而幫助初學者。它啟發了內在圖像的視覺表現(屬於相同或十分接近問題範圍)外在圖像蒐集的視覺來源(屬於不同或差異很

大於問題範圍)可以幫助非專業的設計者，尤其是初學者，自然的得到有意義的資訊，進而提高他們的設計能力。

英文摘要來源 :

Hernan Casakin，2005，DESIGN AIDED BY VISUAL DISPLAYS: A COGNITIVE APPROACH，Journal of Architectural and Planning

 Research 22 no3 250-65 Aut 2005。                                                                                                                                                  上一頁