現代建築構築性之台灣經驗-陳其寬薄殼建築作品

A Transformation of Modern Architecture Tectonic in Taiwan

Shell Architectures of Chen Chi-Kuan


【關鍵字】

現代建築 modern architecture;陳其寬 Chen Chi-Kuan;構築性 Tectonic;薄殼建築 Shell Architecture

【中文摘要】

戰後台灣並沒有發達的工業與成熟的營建技術,但現代主義運動卻在一群建築工作者自我摸索中建立起來。其中陳其寬是少數親自接受現代主義大師教誨的建築工作者,因此在當陳其寬來台主持東海大學校園規劃時,其受到建築界的矚目是可以想像的。本文嘗試以陳其寬的建築理念出發,分別就大陸、美國與台灣三個重要的時期,實地訪談陳其寬並探究其構思建築設計時理念的形成,與其建築風格的轉變。研究企圖由薄殼建築作品當中的構築性分析,針對薄殼建築群組與空間組織的關係、薄殼建築的構築方式與細部構築的風格,發現陳其寬如何運用薄殼結構的特點呈現出現代建築的精神。

研究發現在薄殼的構築性方面,嘗試以不同尺度的傘型薄殼適應於不同的空間類型,以一種開創與理性的現代性意涵,配合空間操作的方式,將建築作品詮釋出符合當代需求的建築形式,薄殼建築中所呈現空間的流通性、混凝土的可塑性、構築方式的經濟性與摒除外加裝飾的設計風格,與現代建築所強調運用材料的特性與建築技術,呈現出時代精神的設計理念不謀而合。陳其寬為數三萬多坪的薄殼建築作品,構築上融合西方建築的理念,運用當時台灣的營建技術,發展出薄殼建築多的樣性風格。

Abstract

There are no well developed either industry or capitalism during the postwar period in Taiwan.  However, clusters of groping architectures established modernism movement.  Chen Chi-Kuan is one of the few architects, who were advised by modernism masters.  Thus, it was natural that he was on the spotlight in the architecture field when he came to Taiwan to lead the campus-planning project at Tunghai University.  The study tries to base on Chen Chi-Kuan’s architecture ideas to interview him regarding his three important periods in China, the USA, and Taiwan respectively.  It also researches his formation of ideas when he designs the architecture and his architecture style changing.  The research intent to employ the tectonic analysis, which is focusing on the organizational relationship between shell architectures group and space, tectonic methods of shell architectures, and detail tectonic styles, to find out how he use the shell architecture structure to present modern architecture.

 The research finds, in shell architecture tectonic perspective, to adapt different sizes of umbrella-shape shell to various space through a innovative and reasoning spirit of modernism, accommodating to space managing, can interpret the architectures into a style that matches modern requirements.  The ventilative space presented in the shell architecture, plasticity of concrete, economical tectonic, expelling extra-decorative designing all match unintentionally with materials characteristics and techniques of modern architecture. Chen Chi-Kuan’s over 30,000-ping shell architecture is a fusion of western architecture ideas and developed into variety archi-style.  And, through it, he interprets successfully a modern Taiwan-flavor architecture.