都市公園中形成社會性交流環境條件之研究

A study on the affordable settings for social contacts in

本研究為「好所在論」(the theory of affordable places for being )系列研究之一環，在過去研究中已分析整理出台北及東京傳統公共空間—廟埕或神社，及社區中之鄰里公園的活動類型與人際交流等的基本模式，對於公共空間的機能及其在都市中扮演的角色，有許多新的發現。尤其，人與人產生的社會性接觸並進行交流，是呈顯公園價值最重要的部份。

本研究以台北市都市公園為對象嚐試探討公共空間中形成的社會性交流活動的類型、活動的參與者和進行狀況及支持前述活動的實質環境條件。經由針對位於舊街區、市區、郊區等不同區位的四個鄰里公園進行實際使用現況調查。本研究歸納出公園中之社會性交流活動可區分為運動類、休閒團康類、及休閒娛樂類等三大類，並包含十餘種活動項目，且各公園活動項目的相似性極高，而蘭雅公園更發現宗教類活動的進行。就活動的時間性而言，部份運動類與休閒團康類屬於活動時間固定，且具有明確的組織性；繞行、打球、滑板、直排輪等運動類的活動與休閒娛樂類的下棋、打牌、聊天、親子同遊等活動則是隨機形成。

此外，在空間上，若具有視覺延續性強、空間型態完整、空間界定明顯、良好的視覺展望性、適當的傢俱設施、具樹蔭或頂蓋遮蔽、地面採硬鋪面、水景設施等條件，均有利於社會交流活動的進行；而未配置足量的傢俱設施、易揚起飛塵的地坪、無樹蔭及頂蓋遮蔽之空間、具隔絕性的花台與景觀花圃等皆為空間上不利於社會交流活動形成的負面因子。

整體而言，本研究提出以下三點結論：

1.都市公園內形成多樣化社會交流活動，並與市民日常生活的步調充分結合，使公園成為日常生活中不可或缺，且得以延伸人際關係的場所，可謂都市公園最主要的價值。

2.都市公園內應以滿足各類型交流活動的需求為考量，配置適當的空間裝置(setting)，進一步則須考量各空間裝置對應多種活動需求的使用彈性，並使各活動空間在視覺上得以相互連通，以創造彼此接觸的契機，並擴大使用者活動及交流的範圍。

3.都市公園的空間設計應採用「社會激化」(Sociopetal)的手法，以激發人際交流，提升公園的公共性與交流性；至於公園現況中存在「社會隔絕」(Sociofugal) 的部份，則應加以調整改善。

It is known that a park is an oasis in the city, and it is a very important place for people to spend their free time in a park. People can easily contact or communicate with other users through joining any kind of Group-activities in a park.

邛his research attempts to study what kinds of behavior patterns concerning social contacts or communication are observed in a park. Furthermore, we try to analysis the factors of physical environment including forms, volumes, and settings to satisfy users progressing their activities. We also hope to continue this research to build up the theory of affordable places for being.

Using urban park as an empirical to the theory of affordable places for being,this research aims to first study the behavioral pattern of the community users with respect to the park's designed environment, and to hence draw a conclusion to the ideal spatial design supporting such social interactions. The methodology of unfolding this empirical comprises of two-tier approach; one is to analyze and deconstruct the designed presence of the park into its design components, the other is to employ questionnaire surveys to scope the factors affecting park user behaviors other than those attributing to design.

Through repeated efforts, the corelation between park program, design, spatial arrangements etc. can be better understood in light of its user’s perspective, thus the continuum in the making of affordable places for being can be more persistently attained by future park designers.

This research hence arrives at the following conclusions:

1. The success of the urban park is evaluated upon its integral aspect with its participants daily activities, as well as on its presentation of multi-faceted social interactions.

2. Designwise, facilities and its situated spaces should be skillfully placed to provide its satisfactory utilization. The designs should also emphasize on spatial continuity, especially in visual connectivity.

3. Factors attributing to sociopetal should be cultivated whereas factors attributing to sociofugal should be mediated.