自然科學科博物館,日本博物館 日本 Matsunoyam | |||||
Architects/ 建築師 : | |||||
Takaharu&Yui Tezuka Architects |
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Project team/ 專案團隊 : | |||||
Takaharu Tezuka, Yui Tezuka, Masahiro Ikeda, Miyoko Fujita, Ryuya Maio, Mayumi Miura, Taro Suwa, Takahiro Nakano, Toshio Nishi, Tomihiro Sato, Makoto Takei, Hiroshi Tomikawa, Masafumi Harada, Hirofumi Ohno | |||||
General contractor/ 營造廠商 | |||||
Takahashi-Gumi | |||||
Completion date/ 落成時間 : | |||||
Summer 2003 | |||||
Location/ 所在地 : | |||||
Matsunoyama, Higashikubiki-gun, Niigata prefecture | |||||
The Niigate region,200kilometresto the North of |
在東京北方 200 公里的 Niigate 地區,以多 | ||||
Tokyo, is well known for its very snowy winters | 雪的冬天著名,積雪五米深是常見的。在 | ||||
.A five meter deep blanket of snow is not unusual | 這端的氣候條件下做研究和實驗,促使了 |
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. It was research into, and experimentswith.These | 自然科學博物館的建立。 | ||||
extreme conditions that prompted the building of a | |||||
science museum in the region. | |||||
The Japanese architects, Takaharu and Yui Tezuka |
日本的建築師 Takaharu 和 Yui Tezuka ,考 | ||||
think the museum therefore had to be operate in a | 慮博物館必須適應凜冽氣候和特殊地理條 | ||||
context of severe climatic and geographic | 件來經營 | ||||
constraints. | |||||
The couple use an expressive vocabulary, making | 這對建築師 利用季節的因素,使屋頂產生 |
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refernce to the season, to changes in clothing, to the | 變化 , 順應著地型配置。 |
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shedding of a skin. | |||||
The singular object has a strong impact on the | 博物館強烈衝擊著森林原有的景色 , 建築物 | ||||
landscape. On the edge of a forest, their building | 160 公尺長的外型有如一棕色的巨蛇盤踞在 | ||||
resembles a giant 160m long exuviae. Areddish- | 深綠色的濃密森林。經過一段時間 , 季節的 | ||||
brown monochrome serpent, it stands out against | 交替使原本金屬表皮生長出一片不平坦像 | ||||
the deep green of the dense forest backdrop. Over | 青苔的綠鏽。 | ||||
time, the weather has left its imprint on the steel, | |||||
giving it an uneven patina | |||||
The same material covers every surface, with no |
相同的材料覆蓋著每個表面 , 一部分的牆和 | ||||
architectonic hierarchy. Wall and roof would be | 屋頂是難以區別的 , 另一部分不傾斜,反而 | ||||
indistinguishable, if the latter, by necessity did not | 長而平坦,延伸至建築東方的高塔。 | ||||
slope. Long and flat, the eastern extremity of the | |||||
body suddenly rises up to from a tower. | |||||
Panels of 6 mm Cor-Ten steel, from a single, all- |
在材質部份選擇 6 毫米的鋼鐵面板覆蓋而 | ||||
covering epidermis. This judicious choice of materials | 成,結合美學和自然生態,使其施作起來 | ||||
combines aesthetic and ecological qualities, as well | 更容易。表皮像有生命的隨著季節交替律 | ||||
as being easy to use. The skin is alive, and vibrates | 動著 , 具有保護色的綠鏽會隨著日子一天天 | ||||
in tune with the protective patina whose tints vary as | 的增長有著不同深淺的風貌。 | ||||
the day progresses. | |||||
The Tezukas paid particular attention to detailing, and |
Tezukas 特別注意材質的細節部份,並且對 | ||||
their project resuscitates interest in this material with | 隨著時間自然變化的材質感到興趣 , 這些材 | ||||
its natural ageing properties, which was the height of | 質在八十年代流行 , 在流行之後,複雜而高 | ||||
fashion on the 1980s, before falling out of favour, A | 度表現的外型 , 對於表皮的不滲水性是急切 | ||||
complex, high performance skin, impervious to water | 需要的,能夠承受得住夏天和冬天 80 度極 | ||||
and the air, was an imperative, one capable of | 端的溫差。金屬的 IPN 框架和外殼結合在一 | ||||
standing up to extremes of temperature, which | 起,此時中間密封部份有絕緣體層存在。 | ||||
covers an overall range of 80.C between summer | 由於鋼的低熱慣性, 其兩層外殼所包覆如 | ||||
and winter. A metal IPN frame and metal envelope are | 洞穴的空間,有利於室內暖氣的運行。 | ||||
bound together, and the interior face is sealed with a | |||||
layer of insulation. Because of the steel's low thermal | |||||
inertia, the shell is double skinned so as to create a | |||||
cavity that facilitates an aerodynamic process for | |||||
heating the air. | |||||
The fact that the panels are suspended tempers the | 事實上這些壁版的的膨脹和收縮是因為金 | ||||
expansion and contraction of the metal. The carcass | 屬製成品高度的可塑性。其骨架本身能夠 | ||||
itself can support pressures up to 1.5 tonne per | 支撐每平方尺 1.5 公頓以下的壓力。 | ||||
square metre, as much as a submarine.. | |||||
From the micro to the macro, the museum enables the | 博物館透過大大小小的大量玻璃窗戶幫助 | ||||
study of insects and small animals through massive | 對昆蟲和小動物的研究 ( 最大的尺寸 4 公尺 | ||||
glass windows (the largest measures 14.5 m wide | 高 / 14.5 公尺寬 ) 。 | ||||
by 4 m high). | |||||
Alternatively, one can climb the steps of the tower |
建築師 在?盛的森林建立一個景觀塔,並 | ||||
for a view over the wooded landscape and admire | 欣賞著四季的交替。唯一的能觸碰到的窗 | ||||
and observe the passing of the seasons. The | 戶是丙烯酸做成的.絕緣體必須符合一個 | ||||
windows are in acrylic, the only technology able to | 合理重量 / 尺度標準比例。 | ||||
meet the criteria of transparency, thermal insulation | |||||
and a reasonable weight/dimension ratio. | |||||
Inside the building, the museum programme unfolds in | 在建築物內部 , 博物館的計畫不斷發展著 , | ||||
a continuous volume, whose bends and folds mark | 其彎曲和摺疊標示著空間的過渡時期 : 會議 | ||||
the spatial transitions: conference rooms, insect | 房間 , 昆蟲收集室 , 入口和烹調的工作室 , | ||||
collections, entrance and culinary workshops, all | 每一個空間都相鄰服務著民眾。 | ||||
follow on one from the other, separated by enclosed | |||||
service ice spaces. | |||||
Throughout the year, the volumes provide for |
這一年 , 工作室和討論會 大量相互的交替 | ||||
alternating exhibitions or displays concomitant with | ,提供展示會及展覽,所有主題的中心都 | ||||
the workshops and conferences, which all centra on | 在討論自然界。 Tezukas 成功地製造出結實 | ||||
the theme of nature. The Tezukas have succeeded in | 的金屬 防護膜 ,並緊密結合自然與視覺。 | ||||
producing a handsome, poetic image with their | |||||
protective metal cocoon, which intelligently weaves | |||||
physical and visual links with nature. | |||||
參考資料:Techniques architecture 2003 Dec. p. 38 43 | 姓名:張國偉 學號:A9213016 | ||||
The De Cock House/Vincent Van Duysen | |||||